动物园里的“馆”用英语怎么说
[ 2007-11-08 15:03 ]
作者:王银泉
动物园是城市绿地系统的一个组成部分,主要饲养展出野生动物,供人观赏,并对广大群众进行动物知识的普及教育,宣传保护野生动物的重要意义,同时进行科研工作。南京市红山森林动物园自然也不例外承担着上述工作。它可谓是集动物保护、展览、表演、科普教育和休闲娱乐于一体,实行笼养与放养相结合的管理模式,游人如同置身于大自然中,既利于动物的保护,又便于游客的观览。近年来,它已成为南京市一个新兴的旅游热点,更是人与动物和谐相处的生态乐园,让人类和动物都回归了自己的古老家园--神奇的大自然。
为了实现上述意图,完成上述任务,大凡动物园都是按照动物分类来进行布局的,同类动物被安排在同一个展区。园内常设置专门建筑,模拟生存环境,按动物的分类系统、地理区系、生态特征等分区饲养。这一点南京市红山森林动物园也不例外,全园建有鸟类区、猛兽区、灵长类区、大型食草动物区和大型动物表演场、动物摄影场、儿童动物园、狮虎山等37个场馆。这些展区的分设不但有利于饲养管理,同时也有利于游客参观。然而,令人遗憾的是,南京红山森林动物园的展区导向牌配备的英语译文却是错误百出。
南京红山森林动物园中的“熊猫馆”,“大象馆”和“两栖动物爬行馆”这几个展区的导向信息中,其中的“馆”被翻译成了pavilion,属于严重的用词不当,是译者望文生义想当然的翻译结果。根据《朗曼当代高级英语辞典》,pavilion指的是“用于公共娱乐的临时建筑,大帐篷”,“展览会的馆”(a large, light structure that is built to be used for only a short time, especially for public entertainments or exhibitions)。在英国英语中,该单词还可以指板球运动员的休息室。由此可见,pavilion显然不能用于表示动物园里的“馆”,可谓此馆非彼馆也。
那么,动物园里的“馆”在英语里究竟应该怎么说呢?笔者以为,红山动物园在汉语表达方面就犯了一个不应该的错误,因为“馆”在动物园里只是一个通俗的说法,规范的表达应该是“展区”。由此而来的问题是,“某某动物展区”用英语应该怎么说。北京市公布的公共场所双语标识英文译法中对“展区”提供的译文是 display area/ exhibition area。通过GOOGLE检索,确实也发现了animal display之类的说法,2005年英国伦敦动物园曾举行一个真人秀节目,把四对男女关进动物园的笼子里体验生活,电视台进行不间断现场直播,当时媒体报道时就有以下说法:Eight people, four men and four women, are on display at the London Zoo。由此可见,animal display之类的说法是符合英语表达习惯的,也是完全能够理解的。
不过,笔者在这里觉得,在动物园某种具体动物“展区”中的“区”甚至整个“展区”都大可不必译出,这是因为动物园的最大特点就是展出各种动物,因此,强调 display似有罗唆表达的嫌疑。其次,“区”更是属于多余,因为在这里,这个“区”不但是可以由游客来意会的,同时也是模糊的,更何况,很多动物都是被关在笼子里的。一只笼子是不是就是一个“区”呢?
上述分析只是对于动物园里的“馆”究竟应该怎么说进行了多方面的探讨,并非任何结论性观点,哪怕是animal display可以被人理解,这一表达是不是就能够对应动物园里的“馆”或者“展区”,到这里我们还是没有确定说法。其实,无论是“馆”还是“展区”,其在英语中的首选对应说法应该是enclosure。根据《朗曼当代高级英语辞典》该单词的意思是“(用于特定目的的)围地,围场”(见P.615)。该辞典并举例如下:the bear enclosure at the zoo(动物园中的熊园)。但是,由于动物园里的不同动物饲养方式是不一样的,因此,根据动物园中围场的不同形态,其对应的英语词汇肯定也会不同,比如说老虎属于笼养动物,因此,所谓的“老虎馆”就完全可以翻译成tiger cage,而如果翻译成tiger pavilion就真正的是不伦不类。
为了表明笔者的上述分析有无道理,我们不妨来看一下澳大利亚昆士兰州的一个关于动物园介绍的网站http: //www.natureworks.com.au/natural/zoos/。在这里,多种被我们称为动物园中的“馆”的场所使用了不同的英语单词,主要依据的就是这些动物的栖息场所在自然界中的地理特征。北极熊在动物园中的栖息地用了shore这个单词,海豚的栖息地则是stadium,老虎的栖息地是enclosure,鸟类的栖息场所则是sanctuary。这些词语的使用可谓形象逼真,既充分体现了这些动物的栖息习惯,也反映了人类对于这些动物的保护,如sanctuary的本意是“庇护所”,而在动物保护领域则是指“鸟兽的保护区”。一个小小的“馆”字,英语竟然有这么多不同的说法,这是我国的动物园管理部门应该借鉴的。
The new tiger treasures are on display in the AGF Sumatran Tiger Exhibit, adjacent to the IndoMalaya Pavilion.
Toronto Zoo http://www.torontozoo.com/AboutTheZoo/PressRoom.asp?prs=031016
the golden domed white tiger pavilion, at the safari park in Stukenbrock, Germany
Recommended visit:
Pavilion of primates, pavilion of hippopotamuses, pavilion of big felidaes, free runs of bears, pavilion of giraffes and African cloven-hoofed animals, breeding aviaries of birds of prey.
Zoological Garden in Ostrava, Czech Republic
http://www.czechtourism.com/eng/uk/docs/what-to-see/zoo/all/ostrava
The building, the Casson Pavilion, was built in 1962-5, and was once the home of the elephants and rhinos. It is heavy and solid, like an elephant.
London Zoo
http://golondon.about.com/od/londonzoo/ig/London-Zoo-Photos/Zoo-World.htm
Mutual of Omaha's Wild Kingdom Pavilion
Situated inside the Zoo's main entrance, the 21,000 square foot Mutual of Omaha's Wild Kingdom Pavilion was completed in the spring of 1987. ...... The building currently houses reptiles, insects, amphibians and small mammals while also providing business offices, a 312-seat multimedia auditorium and classrooms.
Henry Doorly Zoo in Omaha, Nebraska
http://www.omahazoo.com/exhibits/index.asp?page=exhibits/wkp.htm
The T. Walker Lipscomb African Pavilion houses some seventy animals. ...... Exotic wildlife from tropical rain forests, deciduous woodlands, and grassland/savannas including Colobus monkeys, dwarf crocodiles, meerkats, rock pythons, patas monkeys call our pavilion home.
Thursday, November 8, 2007
Wednesday, November 7, 2007
一分为二
The Chairman said that the Group of Asian States, the Group of Eastern European States and the Group of Western European and other States had nominated respectively Mr. Ashiki (Japan), Ms. Malinovska (Latvia) and Mr. Gibbons (Ireland) for the posts of Vice-Chairmen and the Group of African States had nominated Ms. Baleseng (Botswana) for the post of Rapporteur.红色部分是一个明显的误译。即使译者不知道联合国在某些情况下把“西欧和其他国家”视为一个集团,单单从英文句子来看,就至少有四个线索表明,这是一个而不是两个集团。
主席说,亚洲国家集团、东欧国家集团、西欧国家集团及其他国家集团分别提名足木先生(日本)、马利诺夫斯卡女士(拉脱维亚)和吉本斯先生(爱尔兰)担任副主席,非洲国家集团提名贝尔森女士(博茨瓦纳)担任报告员。
选举大会第六十二届会议主席
选举大会第六十二届会议主席和主席团成员
以上标题是某份SR中看到的议程项目。请大家试试把它回译为英文。
= = = = =
这是从三委和四委简要记录(A/C.3/61/SR.56, A/C.4/61/SR.29)中看到的相同的议程项目。其他委员会可能也是一样。
Election of the Chairman and officers for the sixty-second session of the General Assembly
两个文件都译成这样:选举大会第六十二届会议主席和主席团成员
= = = = =
大会主席不是“前门”牌儿的:
如果是委员会的会议记录,我觉得英文应该是:
Election of the Chairperson and officers for the 62nd session of GA
其实选举的是委员会主席,那才是“前门”牌的,大会主席是“总统”牌的。
中文的翻译应该是:
选举大会第六十二届会议期间的委员会主席和主席团成员。
不知我猜得对不对。
= = = = =
English: Election of the Chairman and officers for the sixty-second session of the General Assembly
French: élection du Président et du Bureau de la Commission pour la soixante-deuxième session de l’Assemblée générale
Spanish: Elección del Presidente y los demás miembros de la Mesa de la Comisión para el sexagésimo segundo período de sesiones de la Asamblea General
= = = = =
看来人家法文、西班牙文翻译都有这种敏感性,而中文的没有。
“选举大会第六十二届会议主席和主席团成员”只能解读成选举大会主席和主席团成员。关键在一个 for 字。
法文、西班牙文也没法区分 president 和 chairman。在这种情况下,在“主席”前面加上“委员会”是最简单的解决办法。
= = = = =
President of the 62nd session of the United Nations General Assembly
le President de l'Assemblée Générale des Nations Unies
le Président de la 62e session de l’Assemblée générale des Nations Unies
以上标题是某份SR中看到的议程项目。请大家试试把它回译为英文。
= = = = =
这是从三委和四委简要记录(A/C.3/61/SR.56, A/C.4/61/SR.29)中看到的相同的议程项目。其他委员会可能也是一样。
Election of the Chairman and officers for the sixty-second session of the General Assembly
两个文件都译成这样:选举大会第六十二届会议主席和主席团成员
= = = = =
大会主席不是“前门”牌儿的:
如果是委员会的会议记录,我觉得英文应该是:
Election of the Chairperson and officers for the 62nd session of GA
其实选举的是委员会主席,那才是“前门”牌的,大会主席是“总统”牌的。
中文的翻译应该是:
选举大会第六十二届会议期间的委员会主席和主席团成员。
不知我猜得对不对。
= = = = =
English: Election of the Chairman and officers for the sixty-second session of the General Assembly
French: élection du Président et du Bureau de la Commission pour la soixante-deuxième session de l’Assemblée générale
Spanish: Elección del Presidente y los demás miembros de la Mesa de la Comisión para el sexagésimo segundo período de sesiones de la Asamblea General
= = = = =
看来人家法文、西班牙文翻译都有这种敏感性,而中文的没有。
“选举大会第六十二届会议主席和主席团成员”只能解读成选举大会主席和主席团成员。关键在一个 for 字。
法文、西班牙文也没法区分 president 和 chairman。在这种情况下,在“主席”前面加上“委员会”是最简单的解决办法。
= = = = =
President of the 62nd session of the United Nations General Assembly
le President de l'Assemblée Générale des Nations Unies
le Président de la 62e session de l’Assemblée générale des Nations Unies
Be decent, don't play with water!

请“照顾深水”
(2007-11-07)
■编者按
中国式英语正在对国际英语形成冲击,其中有创造性的一部分已经进入标准英语。另一方面,中国一些城市针对存在的蹩脚英语标识开始了一场“纠错”运动。
在一些外国人看来,洋泾浜英语是一个有意思并值得保存的东西,纪韶融还开了中式英语的网站,试图在它完全消失之前收集起来,作为一种历史的纪念。本版将陆续介绍他的故事。
"请勿戏水"竟译成了Don't play water。而正确的规范的翻译应该是"Don't play with water"
一个阳光明媚的早晨,我的心情格外舒畅,单调乏味的生活笼罩了一个星期。何不大街小巷到处逛逛,也许会寻觅到一些趣闻趣事?精心打扮一番,我便开始了我的行程之旅。
走在大街上,行人居然如此之多。噢,上帝,我首先应该做什么?五颜六色的车穿梭于街头巷尾。我正要俯身打车,却被车后的庞然大物深深吸引住了。车里挤满了大大小小的乘客,路旁的乘客井然有序地上车。在好奇心的驱使下,我也加入了他们的行列,这时猛然看见一条标语:Please be a decent visitor and queue one by one.顿时,我哭笑不得,令人佩服得五体投地的中式英语。文明游览,一个接一个的排队。这样口语化的句子怎能用于公众场合?太可笑了。依次排队,这样会比较规范一些:You do not have to queue. But be a decent visitor, and state your sources.
2007年6月,我来到深圳,那时夏日已悄悄来临,炎热的天气使我无心恋于任何事情,路旁的一棵大榕树茂密挺拔,于是,我决定去公园里游览一下,也许会有意外的机缘偶遇。
来到公园里,游人甚多,树阴底下纳凉的人促膝长谈。我路过一片很大的池塘,中央牌子上的标语让我眼前一亮:水深危险,请勿下水游玩。(Taking care to deep water, not to take water please.)这错误非常明显,荒唐至极,我把它译为:Caution for deep water! No swimming!
7月份,我参加了一个旅游社团,目的地是北京八达岭野生动物世界。于是,我带上了摄像机,想要拍些珍贵的照片,日后会成为美好的回忆。“小心灼伤,请远离。”又是一个滑稽的中式英语,我把它记录下来收藏在我的博客里。灼和啄,二者混为一体,真让人耳目一新,我把它纠正过来:Beware of the pecking birds. Keep your distance.
2005年6月,我去著名作家鲁迅的家乡浙江绍兴旅游,在那儿也发现了一个有错的提示标牌。这是一个插在湖边的警示牌,在它的上面分上下两行写有八个字———“注意安全”英语翻译却写成了Noticing Security;“请勿戏水”竟译成了Don't play water。而正确的规范的翻译应该分别是“Mind your own safety”、“Don't play with water”。
我觉得很有必要问一下,为什么没有人去校对一下很多在中国大街小巷的双语标识。那些标识不仅是出现在公众场合,而且还常常被夜晚的霓虹凸显出来,甚至变成大型的广告牌,或一些整条街道长的建筑工地的篱墙上的巨幅广告。
中国是一个有着五千年悠久历史文化的国家,它的渊源已经根深蒂固于每一个华夏儿女的思想意识。中西方文化有着迥然不同的差别,汉语拼音和英文,在结构、文化、表达方式上有着很大的差异,有时拼写英语时忘掉一个字母,有时把两个单词拼写在一起,这都造就了滑稽的中式英语。
来源:北京青年报
Wednesday, October 10, 2007
are
A/62/278 (Part II)
1. The fundamental principle of respect for the basic norms of international law and the principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, including the sovereign equality of States, territorial integrity, the peaceful resolution of international disputes, non-intervention, and non-interference in the internal affairs of States, are important in order to strengthen international peace and security.
1. 关于尊重国际法律基本规范和《联合国宪章》所载各项原则――包括各国平等、领土完整、和平解决国际争端以及互不干涉内政――的根本原则对于加强国际和平与安全非常重要。
1. The fundamental principle of respect for the basic norms of international law and the principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, including the sovereign equality of States, territorial integrity, the peaceful resolution of international disputes, non-intervention, and non-interference in the internal affairs of States, are important in order to strengthen international peace and security.
1. 关于尊重国际法律基本规范和《联合国宪章》所载各项原则――包括各国平等、领土完整、和平解决国际争端以及互不干涉内政――的根本原则对于加强国际和平与安全非常重要。
Thursday, September 20, 2007
Session
A/INF/62/3/Add.1, 第12段:
The opening and closing sessions of the high-level event will be chaired by the Secretary-General. Each session (morning and afternoon) of each thematic plenary will be chaired by two Co-Chairs at the Head of State/Government level.
高级别活动的开幕式和闭幕式将由秘书长主持。每个专题全体会议每一届会议(上午和下午)将由两位国家元首/政府首脑级的联合主席主持。
The opening and closing sessions of the high-level event will be chaired by the Secretary-General. Each session (morning and afternoon) of each thematic plenary will be chaired by two Co-Chairs at the Head of State/Government level.
高级别活动的开幕式和闭幕式将由秘书长主持。每个专题全体会议每一届会议(上午和下午)将由两位国家元首/政府首脑级的联合主席主持。
Friday, September 7, 2007
functions
go way back !! ???
This difference in newline handling between the two functions goes way back in the evolution of the UNIX System.
这两个函数的对于行理新行符的差慬在于,这两个函数 goes way back 在Unix系统的进行历程中。
我不知道这个go way back是什么意思啊~
http://bbs.chinadaily.com.cn/viewthread.php?gid=4&tid=578167
= = = = =
http://book.chinaunix.net/....../ch05lev1sec7.html
5.7. Line-at-a-Time I/O
Line-at-a-time input is provided by the following two functions.
[View full width]
#include
char *fgets(char *restrict buf, int n, FILE
*restrict fp);
char *gets(char *buf);
Both return: buf if OK, NULL on end of file or error
Both specify the address of the buffer to read the line into. The gets function reads from standard input, whereas fgets reads from the specified stream.
With fgets, we have to specify the size of the buffer, n. This function reads up through and including the next newline, but no more than n1 characters, into the buffer. The buffer is terminated with a null byte. If the line, including the terminating newline, is longer than n1, only a partial line is returned, but the buffer is always null terminated. Another call to fgets will read what follows on the line.
The gets function should never be used. The problem is that it doesn't allow the caller to specify the buffer size. This allows the buffer to overflow, if the line is longer than the buffer, writing over whatever happens to follow the buffer in memory. For a description of how this flaw was used as part of the Internet worm of 1988, see the June 1989 issue (vol. 32, no. 6) of Communications of the ACM . An additional difference with gets is that it doesn't store the newline in the buffer, as does fgets.
This difference in newline handling between the two functions goes way back in the evolution of the UNIX System. Even the Version 7 manual (1979) states "gets deletes a newline, fgets keeps it, all in the name of backward compatibility."
Even though ISO C requires an implementation to provide gets, use fgets instead.
Line-at-a-time output is provided by fputs and puts.
[View full width]
#include
int fputs(const char *restrict str, FILE *restrict
fp);
int puts(const char *str);
Both return: non-negative value if OK, EOF on error
The function fputs writes the null-terminated string to the specified stream. The null byte at the end is not written. Note that this need not be line-at-a-time output, since the string need not contain a newline as the last non-null character. Usually, this is the casethe last non-null character is a newlinebut it's not required.
The puts function writes the null-terminated string to the standard output, without writing the null byte. But puts then writes a newline character to the standard output.
The puts function is not unsafe, like its counterpart gets. Nevertheless, we'll avoid using it, to prevent having to remember whether it appends a newline. If we always use fgets and fputs, we know that we always have to deal with the newline character at the end of each line.
This difference in newline handling between the two functions goes way back in the evolution of the UNIX System.
这两个函数的对于行理新行符的差慬在于,这两个函数 goes way back 在Unix系统的进行历程中。
我不知道这个go way back是什么意思啊~
http://bbs.chinadaily.com.cn/viewthread.php?gid=4&tid=578167
= = = = =
http://book.chinaunix.net/....../ch05lev1sec7.html
5.7. Line-at-a-Time I/O
Line-at-a-time input is provided by the following two functions.
[View full width]
#include
char *fgets(char *restrict buf, int n, FILE
*restrict fp);
char *gets(char *buf);
Both return: buf if OK, NULL on end of file or error
Both specify the address of the buffer to read the line into. The gets function reads from standard input, whereas fgets reads from the specified stream.
With fgets, we have to specify the size of the buffer, n. This function reads up through and including the next newline, but no more than n1 characters, into the buffer. The buffer is terminated with a null byte. If the line, including the terminating newline, is longer than n1, only a partial line is returned, but the buffer is always null terminated. Another call to fgets will read what follows on the line.
The gets function should never be used. The problem is that it doesn't allow the caller to specify the buffer size. This allows the buffer to overflow, if the line is longer than the buffer, writing over whatever happens to follow the buffer in memory. For a description of how this flaw was used as part of the Internet worm of 1988, see the June 1989 issue (vol. 32, no. 6) of Communications of the ACM . An additional difference with gets is that it doesn't store the newline in the buffer, as does fgets.
This difference in newline handling between the two functions goes way back in the evolution of the UNIX System. Even the Version 7 manual (1979) states "gets deletes a newline, fgets keeps it, all in the name of backward compatibility."
Even though ISO C requires an implementation to provide gets, use fgets instead.
Line-at-a-time output is provided by fputs and puts.
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#include
int fputs(const char *restrict str, FILE *restrict
fp);
int puts(const char *str);
Both return: non-negative value if OK, EOF on error
The function fputs writes the null-terminated string to the specified stream. The null byte at the end is not written. Note that this need not be line-at-a-time output, since the string need not contain a newline as the last non-null character. Usually, this is the casethe last non-null character is a newlinebut it's not required.
The puts function writes the null-terminated string to the standard output, without writing the null byte. But puts then writes a newline character to the standard output.
The puts function is not unsafe, like its counterpart gets. Nevertheless, we'll avoid using it, to prevent having to remember whether it appends a newline. If we always use fgets and fputs, we know that we always have to deal with the newline character at the end of each line.
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