年度“不知所云”大奖

年度“不知所云”大奖揭晓 布什屈居亚军
George Bush gets pipped to "Foot in Mouth" award

[ 2007-12-14 09:35 ]

The station sign read: "Every autumn a combination of leaves on the line, atmospheric conditions and prevailing damp conditions lead to a low adhesion between the rail head and the wheel which causes services to be delayed or even cancelled."

该火车站的一个告示牌上写道：“每到秋天，铁道上的落叶、大气状况和潮湿的天气使火车头和车轮间的粘附力减小，导致火车延误或取消。”

Give me a Marlboro

中式英语外国人听不懂 被误成歹徒抢劫
(2007-12-10) 来源：北青网—北京青年报

中国同学冲着机场商店里的店员说：“Give me a Marlboro”，店员当时冷汗就下来了，以为是遇到歹徒了———

在四年多的留学生涯中，笔者曾在生活实践中亲身领略过“好几国”英语。但最为回味无穷，常令人拍案叫绝的英语还要看咱们中式英语。

影响最大，也最经典的例子是“Long time no see”，意为“好久不见啊”。早期去美国务工的华人并无英语语法方面的常识，于是想当然地按照中文语法生造出了这么一句问候语。而经过长期使用，美国人民颇为接受这样一个不合语法的短语，认为它简单明了，吐字又清晰方便。因此，这句中式短语堂而皇之地进入了英语的主流。如今我在国外与久未谋面的朋友相聚时，此句是必作开头儿的。

中国的国外留学生

说完正面形象，我们当然就要谈谈反面典型了。

第一个反面例子经常出现在买东西的场景里。我们中国人买什么东西时习惯说，给我来个这个，递我一个那个，比如：给我来包万宝路。我的一个同学第一次从国内过来时刚下飞机就在机场闹了笑话。他冲着机场商店里的店员说：“Give me a Marlboro (给我个万宝路)。”这种句式只有在歹徒抢劫商店时才会出现。店员当时冷汗就下来了，幸亏他身边的经理头脑灵活，问道：“Do you mean you want to buy a Marlboro (你是说你想买包万宝路吗?)”我们同学感觉这个经理真“莫名其妙”，心里话：“我不买还能抢啊。”于是点头说“yes yes!”

其实这类句子正确的表达应该是：“May I have something, please?”

第二个“反面教材”就是我们北方人常吃的面条，我们中国学生通常管它叫noodles。可当我初次来到国外时发现在超市里根本没有“noodles”这种东西。面条的英语标名是pasta，或者spaghetti。noodles通常是指给小孩子吃的细小绣密的面条。

第三个需要纠正的中式用法也是关于吃的，确切地说是关于吃后的感觉。我们中国学生遇到什么好吃的东西，经常就是将其评论为“delicious”。其实这个delicious是很正式的用法，平时外国老百姓说话基本不用。他们用的通常是tasty，或者就是一句简单的good，高度概括了。我宿舍附近有家比萨饼店招牌上的广告语就是“Damn tasty”，直接翻译过来就是“该死的好吃”！您说他们都多狠吧，可是再狠我也没听说有谁用“damn delicious”的。

最后附送读者两个小笑话。第一个是我自己的。刚来这边留学时有一次聚餐吃的是小羊排。转天有个没去的外国同学问我吃了什么，我张嘴就来了“lamp”。lamp和羊排lamb只差一个字母，可意义想去甚远，乃是管灯的意思。那个外国同学一时惊叹，下意识地看了看天花板上的大灯，心里大概在合计：这哥们儿牙口真棒!

第二个还是我同学的，有一天此君在自家厨房做饭，一个外国朋友打电话找他，问他在哪里。他不假思索地回答“I am in the chicken”。其实他肯定是想说“I am in the kitchen”。这一疏忽不要紧，没想到把自己变进公鸡的肚子里去了。

Research has shown that ......

研究：生育、厌食和抑郁影响女性性生活
Depression, anorexia, childbirth affect sex life

[ 2007-12-10 09:40 ]

Childbirth, anorexia and depression can affect a woman's sex life, but in different ways, a small study suggests.

Research has shown that women with mental health conditions, including major depression and eating disorders, tend to report more problems with their sex life than other women do.

In the new study, researchers found that women with either anorexia or depression typically had sex more frequently than new mothers did. They were, however, more likely to report having "problems" during sex, according to findings published in the International Journal of Eating Disorders.

一项小规模研究表明，生育、厌食和抑郁都会影响女性的性生活，但三者产生的影响有所不同。

该研究表明，患重度抑郁及厌食症等心理疾病的女性性生活问题要多于其他女性。

这项最新研究结果在《国际饮食紊乱研究》期刊上发表。研究人员发现，患厌食症和患抑郁症的女性的性生活频率都高于刚生过孩子的女性。然而，这两类女性性生活中出现“问题”的几率更大。

Agreement

布什又犯口误 报错电话号码
Bush says dial 1-800-OOPS for housing help

[ 2007-12-10 16:25 ]

President Bush had announced an agreement to freeze rates on some subprime mortgages. The agreement between the government and the lending industry would freeze rates for five years on some variable rate mortgages and provide assistance to as many as 1.2 million homeowners.

当天，布什总统宣布了一项冻结部分次级抵押贷款利率的计划。该项由白宫和抵押贷款借贷方签订的协议规定，将在未来五年内冻结部分可变利率抵押贷款的利率，帮助120万名贷款购房者保住“家园”。

Thousands

Britain battle bird flu outbreak
英国打击禽流感

By MARTIN BENEDYK, Associated Press Writer Wed Nov 14, 10:41 PM ET

REDGRAVE, England - British supermarkets reassured customers Wednesday that the latest bird flu outbreak would not lead to a Christmas turkey shortage, as the government ordered the slaughter of thousands more birds.

(英格兰，雷德格雷夫)-随着英国政府再次屠宰成千只家禽，周三英国的超市纷纷向顾客们保证近期禽流感爆发不会导致圣诞节火鸡供应短缺。

Poultry on four new sites were ordered destroyed as a precaution to prevent the spread of the virulent H5N1 strain, after it was discovered Sunday on a farm with about 5,000 turkeys, 1,000 ducks and 500 geese.

周日在一个拥有5000只火鸡、1000只鸭和500只鹅的农场发现了H5N1型禽流感病毒。为了阻止扩散而采取的预防措施将按命令把另外四个地方的家禽销毁。

A total of 24,000 turkeys were being slaughtered on the five sites, all connected to the Gressingham Foods company, according to the Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. The agency said it was investigating whether H5N1 had spread between the sites.

根据英国环境、食品及农村事物部称，有24000只火鸡正被宰杀的这五个地方都和一家名为Gressingham食品公司有联系。该部门还表示目前正对是否H5N1型病毒已在这些地点相互传播展开了调查。

奥运会火炬传递手

《双语新闻》-- 八位“老外奥运火炬手”揭晓
U.S. woman to carry Olympic torch in China

QUOTE:

北京2008年奥运会的境内奥运火炬传递手共有19400名，火炬传递路线长达85000英里，途经五大洲，火炬传递将为期130天。北京奥组委称，北京奥运会的火炬传递路线将成为奥运历史上最长的火炬传递路线。

这段译文，不用看英文原稿都可以纠出错处了。还是“由联想集团及中国官方英文媒体《中国日报》联合举办的”的选拔活动呢！

= = = = =

QUOTE:

Originally posted by jl2315 at 2007-11-13 09:29 AM
这段译文，不用看英文原稿都可以纠出错处了。

看不出错在哪里吧？对不起，是我搞错了，因为我先看了英文，先入为主，以为英文的数字是对的，因而认为中文译错了。其实错的恐怕是英文原文：

QUOTE:

She will be among 19,400 runners who will carry the flame along an 85,000-mile, 130-day route across five continents. Beijing organizers say it will be the longest torch relay in Olympic history.
......
Each runner will carry the torch for 200 meters on Chinese soil.

英文没说这19,400人是只在中国境内跑的，但如果每人跑200米（合理的距离），则19,400人只能跑3880公里（约2,400英里），远远不到全程的85,000英里。肯定写漏或者写错了什么。

动物园里的“馆”

动物园里的“馆”用英语怎么说
[ 2007-11-08 15:03 ]

作者：王银泉

动物园是城市绿地系统的一个组成部分，主要饲养展出野生动物，供人观赏，并对广大群众进行动物知识的普及教育，宣传保护野生动物的重要意义，同时进行科研工作。南京市红山森林动物园自然也不例外承担着上述工作。它可谓是集动物保护、展览、表演、科普教育和休闲娱乐于一体，实行笼养与放养相结合的管理模式，游人如同置身于大自然中，既利于动物的保护，又便于游客的观览。近年来，它已成为南京市一个新兴的旅游热点，更是人与动物和谐相处的生态乐园，让人类和动物都回归了自己的古老家园－－神奇的大自然。

为了实现上述意图，完成上述任务，大凡动物园都是按照动物分类来进行布局的，同类动物被安排在同一个展区。园内常设置专门建筑，模拟生存环境，按动物的分类系统、地理区系、生态特征等分区饲养。这一点南京市红山森林动物园也不例外，全园建有鸟类区、猛兽区、灵长类区、大型食草动物区和大型动物表演场、动物摄影场、儿童动物园、狮虎山等37个场馆。这些展区的分设不但有利于饲养管理，同时也有利于游客参观。然而，令人遗憾的是，南京红山森林动物园的展区导向牌配备的英语译文却是错误百出。

南京红山森林动物园中的“熊猫馆”，“大象馆”和“两栖动物爬行馆”这几个展区的导向信息中，其中的“馆”被翻译成了pavilion，属于严重的用词不当，是译者望文生义想当然的翻译结果。根据《朗曼当代高级英语辞典》，pavilion指的是“用于公共娱乐的临时建筑，大帐篷”，“展览会的馆”（a large, light structure that is built to be used for only a short time, especially for public entertainments or exhibitions）。在英国英语中，该单词还可以指板球运动员的休息室。由此可见，pavilion显然不能用于表示动物园里的“馆”，可谓此馆非彼馆也。

那么，动物园里的“馆”在英语里究竟应该怎么说呢？笔者以为，红山动物园在汉语表达方面就犯了一个不应该的错误，因为“馆”在动物园里只是一个通俗的说法，规范的表达应该是“展区”。由此而来的问题是，“某某动物展区”用英语应该怎么说。北京市公布的公共场所双语标识英文译法中对“展区”提供的译文是 display area/ exhibition area。通过GOOGLE检索，确实也发现了animal display之类的说法，2005年英国伦敦动物园曾举行一个真人秀节目，把四对男女关进动物园的笼子里体验生活，电视台进行不间断现场直播，当时媒体报道时就有以下说法：Eight people, four men and four women, are on display at the London Zoo。由此可见，animal display之类的说法是符合英语表达习惯的，也是完全能够理解的。

不过，笔者在这里觉得，在动物园某种具体动物“展区”中的“区”甚至整个“展区”都大可不必译出，这是因为动物园的最大特点就是展出各种动物，因此，强调 display似有罗唆表达的嫌疑。其次，“区”更是属于多余，因为在这里，这个“区”不但是可以由游客来意会的，同时也是模糊的，更何况，很多动物都是被关在笼子里的。一只笼子是不是就是一个“区”呢？

上述分析只是对于动物园里的“馆”究竟应该怎么说进行了多方面的探讨，并非任何结论性观点，哪怕是animal display可以被人理解，这一表达是不是就能够对应动物园里的“馆”或者“展区”，到这里我们还是没有确定说法。其实，无论是“馆”还是“展区”，其在英语中的首选对应说法应该是enclosure。根据《朗曼当代高级英语辞典》该单词的意思是“（用于特定目的的）围地，围场”（见P.615）。该辞典并举例如下：the bear enclosure at the zoo（动物园中的熊园）。但是，由于动物园里的不同动物饲养方式是不一样的，因此，根据动物园中围场的不同形态，其对应的英语词汇肯定也会不同，比如说老虎属于笼养动物，因此，所谓的“老虎馆”就完全可以翻译成tiger cage，而如果翻译成tiger pavilion就真正的是不伦不类。

为了表明笔者的上述分析有无道理，我们不妨来看一下澳大利亚昆士兰州的一个关于动物园介绍的网站http: //www.natureworks.com.au/natural/zoos/。在这里，多种被我们称为动物园中的“馆”的场所使用了不同的英语单词，主要依据的就是这些动物的栖息场所在自然界中的地理特征。北极熊在动物园中的栖息地用了shore这个单词，海豚的栖息地则是stadium，老虎的栖息地是enclosure，鸟类的栖息场所则是sanctuary。这些词语的使用可谓形象逼真，既充分体现了这些动物的栖息习惯，也反映了人类对于这些动物的保护，如sanctuary的本意是“庇护所”，而在动物保护领域则是指“鸟兽的保护区”。一个小小的“馆”字，英语竟然有这么多不同的说法，这是我国的动物园管理部门应该借鉴的。


The new tiger treasures are on display in the AGF Sumatran Tiger Exhibit, adjacent to the IndoMalaya Pavilion.
Toronto Zoo http://www.torontozoo.com/AboutTheZoo/PressRoom.asp?prs=031016

the golden domed white tiger pavilion, at the safari park in Stukenbrock, Germany

Recommended visit:
Pavilion of primates, pavilion of hippopotamuses, pavilion of big felidaes, free runs of bears, pavilion of giraffes and African cloven-hoofed animals, breeding aviaries of birds of prey.
Zoological Garden in Ostrava, Czech Republic
http://www.czechtourism.com/eng/uk/docs/what-to-see/zoo/all/ostrava

The building, the Casson Pavilion, was built in 1962-5, and was once the home of the elephants and rhinos. It is heavy and solid, like an elephant.
London Zoo
http://golondon.about.com/od/londonzoo/ig/London-Zoo-Photos/Zoo-World.htm

Mutual of Omaha's Wild Kingdom Pavilion
Situated inside the Zoo's main entrance, the 21,000 square foot Mutual of Omaha's Wild Kingdom Pavilion was completed in the spring of 1987. ...... The building currently houses reptiles, insects, amphibians and small mammals while also providing business offices, a 312-seat multimedia auditorium and classrooms.
Henry Doorly Zoo in Omaha, Nebraska
http://www.omahazoo.com/exhibits/index.asp?page=exhibits/wkp.htm

The T. Walker Lipscomb African Pavilion houses some seventy animals. ...... Exotic wildlife from tropical rain forests, deciduous woodlands, and grassland/savannas including Colobus monkeys, dwarf crocodiles, meerkats, rock pythons, patas monkeys call our pavilion home.

一分为二

The Chairman said that the Group of Asian States, the Group of Eastern European States and the Group of Western European and other States had nominated respectively Mr. Ashiki (Japan), Ms. Malinovska (Latvia) and Mr. Gibbons (Ireland) for the posts of Vice-Chairmen and the Group of African States had nominated Ms. Baleseng (Botswana) for the post of Rapporteur.

主席说，亚洲国家集团、东欧国家集团、西欧国家集团及其他国家集团分别提名足木先生（日本）、马利诺夫斯卡女士（拉脱维亚）和吉本斯先生（爱尔兰）担任副主席，非洲国家集团提名贝尔森女士（博茨瓦纳）担任报告员。

红色部分是一个明显的误译。即使译者不知道联合国在某些情况下把“西欧和其他国家”视为一个集团，单单从英文句子来看，就至少有四个线索表明，这是一个而不是两个集团。

选举大会第六十二届会议主席

选举大会第六十二届会议主席和主席团成员

以上标题是某份SR中看到的议程项目。请大家试试把它回译为英文。

= = = = =

这是从三委和四委简要记录（A/C.3/61/SR.56, A/C.4/61/SR.29）中看到的相同的议程项目。其他委员会可能也是一样。

Election of the Chairman and officers for the sixty-second session of the General Assembly

两个文件都译成这样：选举大会第六十二届会议主席和主席团成员

= = = = =

大会主席不是“前门”牌儿的：

如果是委员会的会议记录，我觉得英文应该是：

Election of the Chairperson and officers for the 62nd session of GA

其实选举的是委员会主席，那才是“前门”牌的，大会主席是“总统”牌的。

中文的翻译应该是：

选举大会第六十二届会议期间的委员会主席和主席团成员。

不知我猜得对不对。

= = = = =

English: Election of the Chairman and officers for the sixty-second session of the General Assembly

French: élection du Président et du Bureau de la Commission pour la soixante-deuxième session de l’Assemblée générale

Spanish: Elección del Presidente y los demás miembros de la Mesa de la Comisión para el sexagésimo segundo período de sesiones de la Asamblea General

= = = = =

看来人家法文、西班牙文翻译都有这种敏感性，而中文的没有。

“选举大会第六十二届会议主席和主席团成员”只能解读成选举大会主席和主席团成员。关键在一个 for 字。

法文、西班牙文也没法区分 president 和 chairman。在这种情况下，在“主席”前面加上“委员会”是最简单的解决办法。

= = = = =
President of the 62nd session of the United Nations General Assembly
le President de l'Assemblée Générale des Nations Unies
le Président de la 62e session de l’Assemblée générale des Nations Unies

Be decent, don't play with water!

请“照顾深水”
(2007-11-07)

■编者按

中国式英语正在对国际英语形成冲击，其中有创造性的一部分已经进入标准英语。另一方面，中国一些城市针对存在的蹩脚英语标识开始了一场“纠错”运动。

在一些外国人看来，洋泾浜英语是一个有意思并值得保存的东西，纪韶融还开了中式英语的网站，试图在它完全消失之前收集起来，作为一种历史的纪念。本版将陆续介绍他的故事。


"请勿戏水"竟译成了Don't play water。而正确的规范的翻译应该是"Don't play with water"

一个阳光明媚的早晨，我的心情格外舒畅，单调乏味的生活笼罩了一个星期。何不大街小巷到处逛逛，也许会寻觅到一些趣闻趣事？精心打扮一番，我便开始了我的行程之旅。

走在大街上，行人居然如此之多。噢，上帝，我首先应该做什么？五颜六色的车穿梭于街头巷尾。我正要俯身打车，却被车后的庞然大物深深吸引住了。车里挤满了大大小小的乘客，路旁的乘客井然有序地上车。在好奇心的驱使下，我也加入了他们的行列，这时猛然看见一条标语：Please be a decent visitor and queue one by one.顿时，我哭笑不得，令人佩服得五体投地的中式英语。文明游览，一个接一个的排队。这样口语化的句子怎能用于公众场合？太可笑了。依次排队，这样会比较规范一些：You do not have to queue. But be a decent visitor, and state your sources.

2007年6月,我来到深圳，那时夏日已悄悄来临，炎热的天气使我无心恋于任何事情，路旁的一棵大榕树茂密挺拔，于是，我决定去公园里游览一下，也许会有意外的机缘偶遇。

来到公园里，游人甚多，树阴底下纳凉的人促膝长谈。我路过一片很大的池塘，中央牌子上的标语让我眼前一亮：水深危险，请勿下水游玩。（Taking care to deep water, not to take water please.）这错误非常明显，荒唐至极，我把它译为：Caution for deep water! No swimming!

7月份，我参加了一个旅游社团，目的地是北京八达岭野生动物世界。于是，我带上了摄像机，想要拍些珍贵的照片，日后会成为美好的回忆。“小心灼伤，请远离。”又是一个滑稽的中式英语，我把它记录下来收藏在我的博客里。灼和啄，二者混为一体，真让人耳目一新，我把它纠正过来：Beware of the pecking birds. Keep your distance.

2005年6月，我去著名作家鲁迅的家乡浙江绍兴旅游，在那儿也发现了一个有错的提示标牌。这是一个插在湖边的警示牌，在它的上面分上下两行写有八个字———“注意安全”英语翻译却写成了Noticing Security；“请勿戏水”竟译成了Don't play water。而正确的规范的翻译应该分别是“Mind your own safety”、“Don't play with water”。

我觉得很有必要问一下,为什么没有人去校对一下很多在中国大街小巷的双语标识。那些标识不仅是出现在公众场合,而且还常常被夜晚的霓虹凸显出来,甚至变成大型的广告牌,或一些整条街道长的建筑工地的篱墙上的巨幅广告。

中国是一个有着五千年悠久历史文化的国家,它的渊源已经根深蒂固于每一个华夏儿女的思想意识。中西方文化有着迥然不同的差别,汉语拼音和英文,在结构、文化、表达方式上有着很大的差异,有时拼写英语时忘掉一个字母,有时把两个单词拼写在一起,这都造就了滑稽的中式英语。

来源：北京青年报

are

A/62/278 (Part II)

1. The fundamental principle of respect for the basic norms of international law and the principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, including the sovereign equality of States, territorial integrity, the peaceful resolution of international disputes, non-intervention, and non-interference in the internal affairs of States, are important in order to strengthen international peace and security.

1. 关于尊重国际法律基本规范和《联合国宪章》所载各项原则――包括各国平等、领土完整、和平解决国际争端以及互不干涉内政――的根本原则对于加强国际和平与安全非常重要。

Session

A/INF/62/3/Add.1, 第12段：

The opening and closing sessions of the high-level event will be chaired by the Secretary-General. Each session (morning and afternoon) of each thematic plenary will be chaired by two Co-Chairs at the Head of State/Government level.

高级别活动的开幕式和闭幕式将由秘书长主持。每个专题全体会议每一届会议（上午和下午）将由两位国家元首/政府首脑级的联合主席主持。

functions

go way back !! ???

This difference in newline handling between the two functions goes way back in the evolution of the UNIX System.

这两个函数的对于行理新行符的差慬在于，这两个函数 goes way back 在Unix系统的进行历程中。
我不知道这个go way back是什么意思啊～

http://bbs.chinadaily.com.cn/viewthread.php?gid=4&tid=578167

= = = = =

http://book.chinaunix.net/....../ch05lev1sec7.html

5.7. Line-at-a-Time I/O

Line-at-a-time input is provided by the following two functions.

[View full width]

#include

char *fgets(char *restrict buf, int n, FILE
*restrict fp);

char *gets(char *buf);


Both return: buf if OK, NULL on end of file or error

Both specify the address of the buffer to read the line into. The gets function reads from standard input, whereas fgets reads from the specified stream.

With fgets, we have to specify the size of the buffer, n. This function reads up through and including the next newline, but no more than n1 characters, into the buffer. The buffer is terminated with a null byte. If the line, including the terminating newline, is longer than n1, only a partial line is returned, but the buffer is always null terminated. Another call to fgets will read what follows on the line.

The gets function should never be used. The problem is that it doesn't allow the caller to specify the buffer size. This allows the buffer to overflow, if the line is longer than the buffer, writing over whatever happens to follow the buffer in memory. For a description of how this flaw was used as part of the Internet worm of 1988, see the June 1989 issue (vol. 32, no. 6) of Communications of the ACM . An additional difference with gets is that it doesn't store the newline in the buffer, as does fgets.

This difference in newline handling between the two functions goes way back in the evolution of the UNIX System. Even the Version 7 manual (1979) states "gets deletes a newline, fgets keeps it, all in the name of backward compatibility."

Even though ISO C requires an implementation to provide gets, use fgets instead.

Line-at-a-time output is provided by fputs and puts.

[View full width]

#include

int fputs(const char *restrict str, FILE *restrict
fp);

int puts(const char *str);


Both return: non-negative value if OK, EOF on error

The function fputs writes the null-terminated string to the specified stream. The null byte at the end is not written. Note that this need not be line-at-a-time output, since the string need not contain a newline as the last non-null character. Usually, this is the casethe last non-null character is a newlinebut it's not required.

The puts function writes the null-terminated string to the standard output, without writing the null byte. But puts then writes a newline character to the standard output.

The puts function is not unsafe, like its counterpart gets. Nevertheless, we'll avoid using it, to prevent having to remember whether it appends a newline. If we always use fgets and fputs, we know that we always have to deal with the newline character at the end of each line.

一个明孝陵咋有三种英文名

摘自：一个明孝陵咋有三种英文名？
(2007-07-19)

http://language.chinadaily.com.cn/......shtml?id=751

王银泉告诉记者，把“风景区”译成“美人痣”属于根据中文望字翻译的中式英语，翻译者没有尊重英语的用词和语法习惯，这类错误不止一处。比如火车站出口处 就有一块路牌把“公厕向前150米”译成了“150 meters in front of wc”。“且不说‘WC’这个词现在已不提倡当作公厕的译名使用，就这句翻译本身来说，会让人误解成‘公厕前150米处’。”王银泉解释，“in front of”指的是“在……的前面”，而在这里，用“before”更适合些。

英文单词“丢三落四”让人看不明白

“international”是“国际”的意思，那么“intemational”指的是什么？在地铁新街口站“1、13、14、15”出口处一块标有“天都国际商城”的路牌上，学生们发现了这个奇怪的单词，记者翻遍字典，也没找到这个词。

中国1.62 亿网民（错在原文）

中国：网民年轻化 上网娱乐化
Entertainment tops Net users list
[ 2007-07-19 16:31 ]
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/......5439649.htm

According to a report released by China Internet Network Information (CNNIC) yesterday, China's Internet users totaled 162 million in the first six months of this year. The country reported 137 million users last year.

The rapid growth could be translated into almost 100 new users per minute in the past six months.

At this rate of increase, China is expected to overtake the United States, the world's leader, by the end of next year. The US had 211 million Internet users at the end of last month.

中国互联网络信息中心昨天发布的一份报告显示，今年上半年，中国的网民总数达到1.62亿人。去年这一数字为1.37亿。

在过去六个月中，中国网民的数量以每分钟近一百人的速度激增。

按照这一增速，中国有望于明年年底超过美国，成为全世界网民规模最大的国家。截至上月底，美国的网民数量达到2.11亿人。

双语新闻：我国工资涨幅达12%？！

Salary increases not in step with rising cost of living: Survey
[ 2007-07-11 17:02 ] (Source: China Daily)
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/language_tips/2007-07/11/content_5433074.htm

A recent survey conducted by the China Youth Daily showed that 85 percent of those interviewed said their salary increases were less than the country's average annual growth rate: 12 percent, according to National Statistics Bureau.
《中国青年报》最近开展的一项全国性调查显示，85%的受访者认为我国工资的增幅低于国家统计局统计的工资年平均增长率12%。

Figures show the country is going through its fastest-ever period of growth since it began opening up 30 years ago.
统计数据显示，目前我国正处于改革开放30年以来发展最快的阶段。

The annual wages of an average worker rose from 12,422 yuan in 2002 to 21,001 yuan in 2006, the survey said.
调查显示，一名普通工人的年薪从2002年的12422元涨至2006年的21001元。

Going against the trend, 7 percent of those polled said their salaries had fallen over the four-year period.
另有7%的受访者称他们的工资水平在这四年内不涨反跌。

Of the 1,604 people interviewed, 64 percent said their salary rises could not match the economic development.
在1604名受访者中，64%的人认为他们的工资涨幅与经济发展不相称。

"My colleagues and I all questioned the 12 percent increase. It's just not real," Zhang, a software engineer with a leading IT company in Beijing, said.
北京一家著名IT公司的软件工程师张先生说：“我和同事对这12%的工资增幅感到很疑惑，觉得这个数据并不真实。”

"Most of us get a pay rise of about 400 yuan a year. Some haven't had a rise for two years."
“我们大多数人的工资都是一年涨400元。有些人的工资甚至两年都不涨。”

Zhang said his pay rises were nothing compared to the rising prices of consumer goods.
他说，他涨的工资与不断上涨的物价相比几乎算不得什么。

In terms of who or what contributes most to the average growth of annual salaries, the survey showed that 50 percent people pointed to monopoly industries, 41 percent to companies' management teams, and 8.1 percent to ordinary employees. According to the China Economic Times, in 2005, some 8 percent of the country's workforce, most employed by major State-owned companies, earned 55 percent of the total salaries.
调查显示，50%的受访者认为垄断行业对年平均工资涨幅的拉动最大，41%的人认为是公司的管理层，8.1%的人认为是普通员工。据《中国经济时报》，2005年，我国大约8%的劳动者挣的工资占全国工资总额的55%，其中大多数人是国企员工。

The remaining 92 percent must be those who said their salaries didn't rise.
剩下的92%应该是那些称工资未涨的人。

西安交大网站上校长郑南宁的英文欢迎词

http://www.xjtu.edu.cn:8080/en/aboutxjtu/

没有看到中文版，但可以推断是先有中文然后翻译过来的，所以也属于“译文纠错”范围。

Xi'an Jiaotong University will keep on the school-running tradition and school-running feature of high starting point, thick foundation, strict requirement and stressing practice, carry forward the school style of loving China and our university, pursuing truths, being diligent and steady and hard work and plain living, choose the training students as the center, teachers as the subject, administer by law, standardize management and build itself into world famous and high level university.

很多初级错误的翻译

.
http://bbs.chinadaily.com.cn/viewthread.php?gid=4&tid=570371

These organizations have become increasingly aggressive in their sales and monitoring efforts in recent years. Their goal is to obtain either expensive company-wide “blanket” licenses for their copyrighted materials or, failing that, information related to possible copyright infringement activities. They are not above using scare tactics, including threats of office raids and litigation, to obtain these results.

这些机构，近年以来在销售及跟踪监控上变得越来越具备侵略性.他们的目的，是针对他们的版权材料获得昂贵的全公司范围内的“概括授权”，如果不这样，信息就有可能涉及到版权侵犯行为。他们不会使用恐吓策略，包括对办公室的威胁以及提起法律诉讼，来获得上述“概括授权”。

《双语新闻》女性遭遇歧视和性骚扰

.
职场调查：女性遭遇歧视和性骚扰
Women face discrimination, harassment at work - poll
[ 2007-06-26 09:29 ]

Women in the survey conducted by Harris Interactive felt they did not receive credit for their work, their concerns were not taken seriously, their ideas or input were ignored and they were being overlooked for promotion.

Haefner said managers need to do more to reduce discrimination, she added women employees also have an important role to play.

"Are we being too passive or are we not showing enough confidence in our ideas and communication style. That seems to be something to work towards," she said in an interview.

Nearly half of women who experienced discrimination did not report it because they did not think it would make a difference. They also did not want to be labeled a troublemaker or to lose their jobs.

在哈里斯互动调查公司开展的此项调查中，女性觉得她们在工作中没有得到过嘉奖、她们所关心的问题得不到认真对待、她们的想法或观点常被忽视、而且在晋升方面也总被忽视。

哈伊弗纳指出，管理人员要多做一些工作，减少歧视现象。她还说女员工也很重要。

她在接受一个采访时说：“是不是我们太被动了，或者是我们对于自己的想法和沟通方式没有表现出足够的信心。这似乎应该是我们需要改进的地方。”

近一半的遭遇歧视的女性没有去反映情况，因为她们认为即便说了也不会有什么改观。而且她们不想被说成是“事妈”，或者因此而失去工作。

哥呀，路旁的野花不要采

(文化差异)有趣的“花名”
Ruby 发表于 2007-2-7 9:57:00

http://blog.cersp.com/userlog/17504/archives/2007/260862.shtml

陈德彰：北京外国语大学英语系教授。
　　
　　---------------------------------

　　中国的一些民族歌舞团到美国演出时，为让美国观众了解歌曲的内容，歌词通常会配以英文字幕，并用幻灯放映出来。比如，有一句关于花的歌词：“哥呀，虽然已是百花开，路旁的野花不要采。”我想，绝大部分中国人都能明白这句歌词的含义。

　　从字面上看，英文翻译似乎没有错：Brother, though all kinds of flowers are in bloom, please don't pick the wild flowers lining the roads.可是老外看到这句话也许会纳闷：Are we to pick the flowers in the park?(路边的野花为什么不能采？难道去采公园里的花？)在西方人心中，“爱护公物”的意识比较强烈。

　　其实，用各种花的名字给女孩起名的做法在中国十分普遍。《现代汉语词典》（2005年第5版）里“花”字的第11条定义便是：“比喻年轻漂亮的女子”。形容女子漂亮的说法有“如花似玉””花容月貌”“花枝招展”等。

　　不过，这种现象在英语中并不普遍。英语中的flower不指代女孩，“flower girl”也不是“漂亮女孩”而是“卖花姑娘”或是婚礼中的“（女）花童”。屈指可数的几个指代女孩的花名不外乎：Lily—百合花，Lilac—紫丁香，Marigold—万寿菊，Rosalie—玫瑰（源自拉丁语），Blodwen—白色的花朵（源自威尔士语），Hyacinth—风信子花（源自希腊语）。

　　现在，大学里最漂亮的女学生被称作“校花”，英语称“campus belle”；流连于社交场合的女子被称为“交际花”，英语中戏称为“social butterfly”；妓女旧时在我国被称作“烟花女”，英语中委婉地称为courtesan；《三言二拍》中有个著名的妓女被称为“花魁”，用英语可以表达为“Queen of Flowers”。

　　在汉语中，“花”的比喻用法还同一些性文化联系在一起，如，“花街柳巷” “寻花问柳”“残花败柳”等。旧时“花柳病”是指性病，在英文中是“venereal disease”（常简化为VD）作为一种委婉的表达。

《双语新闻》伊丽莎白女王成四岁男孩笔友

Boy's balloon finds pen-pal: the Queen
[ 2007-05-31 16:42 ]

http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/language_tips/2007-05/31/content_884605.htm

A 4-year-old boy who released a balloon not long ago with a message hoping to find a pen pal in a foreign land ended up having a correspondence with the Queen.

Tom Stancombe let go of his helium balloon in Hampshire, but rather than flying to France or half way around the world, it ended up just 20 miles (32 km) away, landing inside Windsor Castle, the Daily Mail reported.

The Queen instructed her personal assistant to reply and so the monarch and the boy, helped by his parents, exchanged a series of letters, mostly about the fact that one of the boy's ancestors, an artist, had works in the royal art collection.

"She (the Queen) was delighted to find that your balloon had travelled all the way to the gardens at Windsor Castle," the monarch's assistant wrote.

Asked if he thought his son would be exchanging any more letters with the Queen, Tom's father said: "I don't expect we'll get another one, but I think it's incredible they bothered replying at all."

(AP)

一个四岁的英国男孩不久前放飞了一只带有字条的气球，他希望能找一个外国笔友，没想到最后他竟然收到了女王的回信。

据《每日邮报》报道，这个名叫汤姆·斯坦科姆比的男孩在汉普郡放飞了他的氦气球，但这只气球并没有飞到法国、也没有环游大半个世界，而是落在了20英里（32千米）以外的温莎城堡里。

女王让她的私人助理给汤姆回信，在父母的帮助下，汤姆与女王通了好几次信，信的内容大多与他的一个艺术家祖先的作品曾被收入皇家美术馆有关。

女王的助理在信中写道：“你的这只气球经过漫长的旅程后，落到了温莎堡的花园中。她(女王)发现你的气球后非常高兴。”

当汤姆的父亲被问到儿子是否会继续与女王通信时，他说：“我不指望我们还能收到回信，但是令人难以置信的是，女王竟然给我回了信。”

《双语新闻》为希拉里挑选竞选主题曲！

Clinton asks YouTube users for song help
[ 2007-05-29 11:01 ]

http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/language_tips/2007-05/29/content_882543.htm

In a clear appeal to young voters, a YouTube video asks viewers to vote for Clinton's presidential campaign theme song on her Web site. The contest started May 16 and the number of songs was narrowed to 10 on Thursday - five initially suggested by the campaign and five write-in candidates.

"I want to know what you're thinking on one of the most important questions of this campaign," Clinton said in a mock-serious tone during the initial video. "It's something we've been struggling with, debating, agonizing over for months. So now I'm turning to you, the American people."

在视频的开头，希拉里以一种故作严肃的口气说："我想知道你们大家对本次竞选最重要的一个问题——竞选主题曲怎么看。这几个月来，我们一直在为这个问题努力、争论、挣扎。所以现在我要向大家求助，向美国人民求助。"

According to the view counter on YouTube, the video had more than 500,000 views; a more recent post was seen by more than 40,000. Her campaign said it received more than 130,000 votes in the first round. It promises to release the final result "in the coming days."

据 YouTube 网站的点击量统计显示，这个视频的浏览量超过50万，而最近一个视频的浏览量仅达到4万多。希拉里的竞选阵营称，在第一轮评选中，他们共收到13万多张投票。而最终结果将"在几天后"揭晓。

These are the correstponding paragraphs in the news service article found elsewhere, which were modified slightly with the next paragraph omitted in the CD version:

"I want to know what you're thinking on one of the most important questions of this campaign," Clinton said in a mock-serious tone in the initial video. "It's something we've been struggling with, debating, agonizing over for months. So now I'm turning to you, the American people."

According to the view counter on YouTube, the May 16 video had more than 500,000 views; a more recent post was seen by more than 40,000. Clinton's campaign said it received more than 130,000 votes in the first round. It promises to release the final result "in the coming days."

In both videos, Clinton sports a self-effacing attitude. She mocked her vocal abilities in the first post. The second features clips of people saying "this is ridiculous" and "are you freaking kidding me?" in response to the contest, along with Clinton making fun of some of the videos submitted.

上班打私人电话？

上班打私人电话？“三思而后行”！
Think twice about phoning home from work
[ 2007-05-22 08:54 ]

http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/language_tips/2007-05/22/content_877618.htm

You might want to think twice before making another personal call during work hours.

Companies can now buy a service that automatically analyses phone calls made by office staff, figures out which are for business and which are personal, and delivers a monthly list of repeat offenders directly to top management.

"If you're making a 30-second call every morning at about 9 a.m. and the number doesn't match those used by your colleagues then we can guess fairly accurately that's your spouse," said Robert Picton, product manager at South African IT firm Dimension Data.

Picton says that although other IT companies offer call analysis technology, Didata is the first to translate that information for managers.

Didata says a company can cut its phone costs by 10-15 percent by using the 'Guardian' monthly service, not to mention hours of manpower saved through increased productivity.

Employees might bristle at the thought of managers monitoring calls. But Didata says the system focuses only on those who run up huge bills or spend hours of work time on personal calls, and says no one listens in to the calls themselves.

"Obviously it is acceptable to make a few calls home," said Picton. "And this is about the minority who are spending 12 hours a month on the phone for non-business purposes and running up bills of $114.7.

(Reuters)
上班时间打私人电话可得“三思而后行”了。

公司现在可以买到一种能够自动分析办公室职员们所打的电话的服务，这种服务可以分辨出哪些是公务电话，哪些是私人电话，而且每月能向管理层提供“屡犯者”的清单。

南非IT公司Dimension Data的产品经理罗伯特·比克顿说：“如果你每天早上9点钟左右打一个30秒的电话，而且你所拨打的号码不是同事们的常用号码，那么基本可以确定，这个电话是打给情人的。”

比克顿说，尽管也有一些其它的IT公司提供这种电话分析技术，但Didata则是首家能将数据信息转化为能直接上报给经理的名单的公司。

Didata说，采用这种“电话监视”月服务可以使公司的电话费减少10%至15%，更不用说工作效率的提高所节省的人力时间了。

雇员可能会对管理层实施电话监控的想法产生不满。但Didata公司称，这个系统仅针对那些电话费狂高及经常在上班时间打私人电话的员工，并称电话的内容不会受到监听。

比克顿说：“很显然，打一些私人电话是可以被接受的。这一措施主要针对的是那些一个月能打12个小时的私人电话，电话费高达114.7美元的少数人。”

Airline Safety Information Card

飞机座位前面椅背的口袋中一般装着一堆供乘客阅读的资料，其中有一张 Safety Information 卡，提供紧急应变说明，包括教大家万一发生海面迫降如何使用救生衣从最靠近的紧急出口逃生。有一次坐飞机时没事干，拿出来细细研读，看到卡的正面以好几种语文印着一句话。既然如此隆重，一定是很重要的啦，职业病不免发作，看看中文译得怎么样：

If you are seated at an exit and are unable to understand the information on this card, please contact a flight attendant.

如果您坐在靠紧急出口的位置，听不懂看不懂该卡上的说明，请与空中服务员联络。

短短一句其实很容易的话，竟然有两个 DIMS 错误，是不是太离谱？

环境污染致癌--我国头号杀手

Pollution makes cancer the top killer
[ 2007-05-22 16:00 ]

http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/language_tips/2007-05/22/content_878029.htm

Air and water pollution combined with widespread use of food additives and pesticides made cancer the top killer in China last year, according to a recent government survey.

Air and water pollution combined with widespread use of food additives and pesticides made cancer the top killer in China last year, according to a recent government survey.

Cancer topped the list of the 10 most lethal diseases for urban residents last year, followed by cerebrovascular diseases and heart ailments, according to the survey in 30 cities and 78 counties released by the Ministry of Health.

"The main reason behind the rising number of cancer cases is that pollution of the environment, water and air is getting worse day by day," said Chen Zhizhou, a health expert with the cancer research institute affiliated to the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.

"Many chemical and industrial enterprises are built along rivers so that they can dump the waste into water easily," Chen said. "Excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides also pollute underground water.

"The contaminated water has directly affected soil, crops and food," he added.

Air pollution is a major cause of lung cancers, as harmful granules enter the lungs and cannot be discharged. Large amounts of formaldehyde and its compounds used in house renovations and furniture has been blamed for deterioration in air quality.

In addition, farmers use additives on pigs, poultry and vegetables to make them grow faster.

The survey, the first of its kind in recent years, showed that the death rate from cancer has risen to 19 percent in cities and 23 percent in rural areas.

In rural areas, 92 percent of fatalities were caused by 10 illnesses, the first three being cancer, cerebrovascular diseases and respiratory diseases.

Reports on "cancer villages" have popped up frequently in recent years.

An investigative story by Xinhua last June said a high rate of cancer deaths has become a reality in areas where the environment is heavily polluted.

In Shangba Village of Guangdong Province, for instance, more than 250 people died of cancer from 1987 to 2005; while in Huangmengying Village of Henan Province, more than 114 people died of cancer between 1991 and 2005.

Similar cases were also reported in other provinces, with the usage of heavily-polluted water being the common factor.

(China Daily)

近日，政府的一项调查显示，空气污染、水污染及大范围使用食物添加剂和杀虫剂导致癌症成为去年我国的头号杀手。

卫生部共对30个城市和78个县进行了调查，统计数据显示，癌症去年在我国城镇居民的“十大致命疾病”中排在首位，其次是脑血管疾病和心脏病。

中国医学科学院肿瘤研究所的健康专家陈智周说，“恶性肿瘤高发的主要原因是环境污染，空气和水污染正日益严重。”

他说，“很多化工企业都建在河边以便排污。此外，过度使用化肥和杀虫剂也使地下水遭到污染。”

他说，“被污染的水会直接影响土壤、庄稼和食物。”

空气污染是引发肺癌的主要因素，因为有害颗粒一旦进入肺里就无法排出来。另外，用于房屋装修的原料及家具中所含的大量甲醛和甲醛化合物也会导致空气质量变差。

农民在养猪、养家禽和种菜时用于催肥和催熟的添加剂也是一个重要因素。

该调查显示，城镇地区的癌症死亡率已上升至19%，农村上升至23%。这是近年来这一领域内的首次调查。

农村地区92%的死亡主要由10种疾病引起，排在前三位的是癌症、脑血管疾病和呼吸系统疾病。

近年来，关于“癌症村”的报道越来越频繁。

新华社去年六月的一则调查报道称，癌症高死亡率在一些污染严重的地区已成为事实。

从1987年至2005年，广东省上坝村有250多人死于癌症；从1991年到2005年，河南省黄孟营村至少有114人死于癌症。

其他省份也有过类似的报道，其共同原因是饮用了被严重污染的水。

（实行生江巍 英语点津姗姗编辑）

全民皆抑？

中国日报双语新闻
调查：我国抑郁症患者达3000万
30m Chinese suffering from depression
[ 2007-05-18 17:11 ]

Just 10 percent of the 30 million Chinese currently suffering from depression are getting proper medical care due to a lack of psychiatrists and social prejudice against mental illness, experts have said.

At a meeting in Shanghai last week, mental health professionals said that China has just 17,000 registered psychiatrists, or one for every 76,000 people.

Most Western countries have a 10-times better ratio.

据专家介绍，由于精神治疗医师的缺乏及对于心理疾病社会偏见的存在，在我国目前3000万的抑郁症患者中，仅有10%的人正在接受正规治疗。

出席上周在上海召开的某会议的心理健康专家们说，中国目前仅有1万7千名注册心理医师，即每76000名抑郁症患者仅有1名心理医生。

这一比例在大多数西方国家要高出10倍。

布莱尔：习惯了被称作布什的“哈巴狗”

Blair issues clarion call against US isolation
[ 2007-05-18 09:22 ]

Prime Minister Tony Blair began his last trip here as British leader Wednesday, armed with a parting shot to global opinion that US isolation would make a restive world far more dangerous.	本周三，布莱尔最后一次以首相身份开始他的访美之行，他的此次告别访问引起国际舆论的猜测，美国失去盟友后会使如今不安宁的世界变得更加危险。
President George W. Bush greeted his closest foreign ally warmly before the two headed into a private dinner that aides said would be dominated by talks about the US-led "war on terror."	布什总统对他最亲密的盟友表示了热情问候，之后，二人单独共餐。据工作人员介绍，两位领导人的谈话内容将以美国领导的“反恐战争”为主。
Blair looked startled by a barrage of flashes from photographers chronicling his last White House meetings with Bush before he steps down on June 27, after a decade in power. "You're a famous person," his host quipped.	在任十年、将于6月27日离任的布莱尔首相看到之前他与布什总统白宫会晤的一连串照片的幻灯片时，颇为惊讶。布什调侃他说：“你真是一个人物啊！”
The two leaders were due to hold a press conference in the White House Rose Garden Thursday, heralding the end to a tumultuous partnership forged in the heat of the September 11 attacks of 2001 and the war in Iraq.	两位领导人将于周四在白宫的玫瑰园召开新闻发布会，这标志着英美两国在2001年“9·11”恐怖袭击及伊拉克战争中所建立的合作伙伴关系即将结束。
Despite the crippling cost that his support of Bush inflicted on his popularity at home, Blair insists that he did the right thing.	尽管布莱尔首相因支持布什严重影响了他在国内的支持率，但他坚持自己的做法是对的。
"I believe our country should be a strong ally of America, and I've never had any problem with that," he said in an interview with US network NBC Tuesday. "I think it will be a very dark day for my country when we do have a problem with it," Blair said.	他在本周二接受美国国家广播电台的采访时说：“我认为英国应成为美国坚定的盟友，我从未怀疑过这一点。” “如果我们对此有异议，那么这对于我们国家来说将是十分可怕的。”
"The biggest danger is if America disengages, if it decides to pull up the drawbridge and say to the rest of the world, 'Well you go and sort it out.' We need America engaged."	“如果美国退出了，如果美国决定撒手不管，向全世界宣布，‘你们来处理吧！’这将是个最大的危险。我们需要美国的参与。”
After famously discovering a shared taste for Colgate toothpaste at their first meeting, the Republican president and the British Labour leader marched in lock-step through many of the world's hot-spots over the past six years.	自从布莱尔和布什在首次会晤时发现他们都对高露洁牙膏情有独钟后，两人便开始在世界很多热点地区并肩战斗，这一合作长达六年。
Blair said he had learned to live with taunts of being Bush's "poodle" or "lapdog."	布莱尔说，他已经习惯了别人嘲笑自己为布什的“哈巴狗”。
"I've found him immensely straightforward to deal with, someone always true to his word and someone who's a very strong leader," he said.	他说：“布什总统是个很坦率的人，他是一位信守诺言、十分坚决果断的领导人。”
The blood-soaked insurgency in Iraq and enduring threat from the Taliban in Afghanistan form part of a "broader global struggle," Blair added.	布莱尔说，伊拉克频起的血腥暴动、来自阿富汗塔利班的不断威胁已成为“范围越来越广的世界斗争”的一部分。
"And if we back away, if we give up on it, if we show any signs of retreat at all, then the enemy we face worldwide will be strengthened."	“如果我们退出，如果我们放弃，如果我们表现出任何撤退的迹象，那么我们所面临的敌人将会强大起来。"
Bush paid his own fulsome tribute to Blair last Friday, after the British leader announced his departure.	布莱尔首相宣布即将离任之后，布什于上周五向他表达了自己“由衷”的敬意。
"I'm going to miss him. He's a remarkable person. And I consider him a good friend," Bush said. (Reuters)	布什说：“我会想念他的。他是个不平凡的人。我视他为好友。”

“欢迎”的尴尬

“欢迎”的尴尬
[ 2007-05-15 14:51 ]

http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/language_tips/2007-05/15/content_873039.htm

某市的市长在为来访的美国客人的欢送宴会上热情地说了这么一句“We welcome you to come to China next year.”而他本想表达的意思是“我们欢迎你们明年再来中国。”可是他的英语意思却好象是“我们明年（迎）接你们再来中国。”

市长“欢迎”错了。这是一个典型的中式英语。这句话在外国人听起来好象中国市长要去美国接他们似的。为什么？

首 先，“welcome”作为动词指当客人到场后主人进行欢迎活动。主人表达高兴的心情“欢迎你们明年再来中国”的这个动作还没有发生，客人明年才可能到 场，现在怎么举行欢迎活动呢？只有在客人到达后才能用动词“welcome”。所以这句话只能在中国用，若你在美国则说错了。还有就是“Welcome to my home!”（欢迎到我家！）只能在客人到你家并且你也在家的情况下使用，若你不在家则不能这么说。

其次，汉语“我们欢迎你们明年再来中国。”中的“欢迎”并不是真正意义上的“welcome”（欢迎活动）。而是一种邀请和希望，因为动作还未发生。所以应该用“hope”代替“welcome”。

另外，英语中没有“welcome sb to do sth”的句型，如果要按照汉语句型翻译“欢迎某人做某事”，除了用“hope”“wish”外，也可以用形容词性的“welcome”，这里则表达的是一种愿望句型是“sb be welcome to do sth”。因此市长的那句话可以翻译为“We wish you to come to China next year.”“You are welcome to China again next year.”“We hope you can come to China next year.”或“Please feel free to visit China next time”。

那么应该如何用好“欢迎”（ welcome）呢？

1、做动词表示热情接待的动作如欢迎，款待，愉快接受等。
“welcome a friend at the door”（在门口欢迎一位朋友）
“Her marriage was not welcomed by her family.”（她的婚姻家里不接受。）
“We welcomed the delegates from the airport to the hotel.”（我们把代表团从机场接到宾馆。）

2、做名词意思为欢迎，迎接，欢迎辞等。
“extend a warm welcome to sb”（向某人表示热烈欢迎）
“deliver a welcome”（致欢迎辞）
3 做形容词表示受欢迎的，被允许的，尽管的等。
“a welcome guest”（受欢迎的客人）
“You are welcome to (use) my telephone.”（我的电话你尽管用。）
“You’re welcome.”（别客气。）

4 做感叹词意思为欢迎，常常用于客人已到达的场合。跟简单的词如“”“”等，中间不加代词。
“Welcome back!”（欢迎归来！）
“Welcome on board!”（欢迎登船！）
那么类似于“北京欢迎您！”之类的句子就不能想当然地翻译为“Welcome you to Beijing!”，而应该翻译为“Welcome to Beijing!”或“You are welcome to Beijing!”。

因此在翻译“欢迎”时，我们首先要想到的就是形容词性的“welcome”，而不要用成动词；翻译成英语时要把汉语顺序颠倒过来；“welcome”后面不要轻易跟代词，以免变成“接某人”的意思了。
　　
（南京师范大学通讯员：朱宇清 英语点津姗姗编辑）

怀孕也要挑“吉日”

Season of conception tied to school performance
[ 2007-05-11 08:18 ]

http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/language_tips/2007-05/11/content_870224.htm

The time of year a woman conceives may influence the future academic performance of her child, according to research reported this week at the Pediatric Academic Societies' annual meeting.

在本周举行的"儿科学术协会年会"上，一项研究报告称，母亲怀孕的月份可能会影响孩子以后的学业成绩。

When researchers linked standardized test scores of 1,667,391 Indiana students in grades 3 through 10 with the month in which each student had been conceived, they found that children conceived May through August scored significantly lower on math and language tests than children conceived during other months of the year.

研究人员对印地安那州1,667,391名3到10年级学生的统一考试成绩和他们的受孕月份进行了相关分析。结果发现，与其它月份受孕的孩子相比，5月至8月受孕的孩子的数学和语言成绩要低得多。

...... "There is something going on" and it needs to be studied further, Winchester concluded.

温彻斯特最后总结到，"这其中还有一些影响因素"有待进一步的研究。

一字千金？

以下是从报上关于联想电脑的报道中摘录出来的几段：

There have been challenges bridging the East-West divide, Mr. Amelio [CEO of Lenovo] admitted.
......

As an example, he pointed to the first meeting of the company's two design teams, one from Beijing and the other from Raleigh [in the U.S.]. “Talk about oil and vinegar,” he said.
......

The intervention eventually worked, but not without some language problems, he said.

When someone from the Western team said they needed a common design element in both their commercial and consumer lines to enforce the brand, there was a stalemate for hours. People were confused and didn't understand each other until someone looked up the translation of “common” and realized the word means “uninteresting and boring” in Mandarin.

不难猜出译者将 common 译成了什么。一个词译得不贴切，浪费了许多人几个钟头的时间，一字何止值千金？

研究：多吃蔬菜 远离癌症

.
Study adds data that vegetables reduce cancer risk
[ 2007-05-06 08:00 ]

http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/language_tips/2007-05/06/content_862176.htm








Do you want one?

New research is strengthening evidence that following mom's admonition to eat your vegetables may be some of the best health advice around.

A large study of 500,000 American retirees has found that just one extra serving of fruit or vegetables a day may reduce the risk of developing head and neck cancer.

Numerous studies have demonstrated that diet plays a role in cancer. Cancer experts now believe that up to two-thirds of all cancers come from lifestyle factors such as smoking, diet and lack of exercise.

"It may not sound like news that vegetables protect from cancer, but there is actually some controversy in the literature. It is important that we do these large studies," said Dr. Alan Kristal, associate head of the cancer prevention program at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle.

Researchers at the National Cancer Institute queried men and women aged 50 and older about their diets, then followed participants for five years to record all diagnoses of head and neck cancer, which is the sixth-leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide.

Tobacco and alcohol use increase the risk of head and neck cancers, which affect the mouth, nose, sinuses and throat.

The study found eating six servings of fruit and vegetables per day per 1,000 calories cut the risk of head and neck cancer by 29 percent compared to eating one and a half servings.

The typical adult consumes around 2,000 calories a day.

"Increasing consumption by just one serving of fruit or vegetables per 1,000 calories per day was associated with a 6 percent reduction in head and neck cancer risk, said Neal Freedman, cancer prevention fellow at the NCI.

A second study of food consumption in more than 183,000 residents of California and Hawaii found that a diet high in flavonols might help reduce pancreatic cancer risk, especially in smokers.

Flavonols are common in plant-based foods but are found in highest concentrations in onions, apples, berries, kale and broccoli.

The study found that people who ate the largest amounts of flavonols had a 23 percent reduced risk of developing pancreatic cancer compared to those who ate the least.

(Reuters)
一项最新调查进一步证明，“听妈妈的话，多吃蔬菜”可能是最有益健康的建议之一。

一项对美国50万名退休人员进行的大规模调查显示，每天多吃一份水果或蔬菜可能会降低头颈癌的发病率。

大量研究证明，饮食与癌症有着密切联系。癌症专家认为，多达三分之二的癌症是由吸烟、节食和缺乏锻炼等不良生活方式造成的。

西雅图佛瑞德·哈金森癌症研究中心癌症预防小组副组长艾伦·克莱斯托博士说：“这并不能说明蔬菜可以预防癌症，但是由于现有的研究结果说法不一，所以我们有必要做这些大规模的研究。”

美国国家癌症研究所的研究员向50岁及50岁以上的男性和女性询问了他们的饮食习惯，随后又对他们进行了五年的跟踪调查，记录他们在这段时间内的头颈癌发病情况。头颈癌号称世界第六大癌症。

吸烟和饮酒会增加患头颈部癌症的几率，这种癌症主要会损害嘴、鼻子、鼻窦和喉咙。

研究发现，与每天吃一份半蔬菜和水果相比，每天吃六份相当于1000卡热量的蔬菜和水果，可使头颈癌的发病率降低29%。

成年人每天约消耗2000卡的热量。

NCI的癌症预防专家尼尔o弗里德曼说，"每天多吃一份1000卡的水果或蔬菜就可以使头颈癌的发病率降低6%。"

另一项对18万3000多名加利福尼亚和夏威夷居民的饮食调查发现，吃黄酮醇含量高的食物可能会降低胰腺癌的发病率，尤其是对于吸烟的人。

黄酮醇是植物类食物中的常见物质，在洋葱、苹果、浆果、羽衣甘蓝和西兰花中含量最高。

研究发现，摄入黄酮醇最多的人比摄入黄酮醇最少的人患胰腺癌的几率低23%。

“五一”新锐计划：在家开PARTY

.
Spend holiday at "home parties"
[ 2007-04-30 16:49 ]

http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/language_tips/2007-04/30/content_864589.htm

Spend holiday at "home parties"

The 7-day May Day holiday will arrive very soon, and many office workers in Beijing have decided to stay here to enjoy themselves at "home parties", instead of exhausting travels.

Susan (not her real name), a freelancer, plans to invite her friends to see movies, sing karaoke together or even host a photo exhibition in her apartment. "Everywhere else will be overcrowded during the holiday, " said Susan. "At home, I'll treat my friends to homemade dishes, for I myself have been eating too much fast food recently."

Unlike "home parties" in the past, which were the last option of entertainment for people, white collars nowadays enjoy such parties because they appreciate the simple and calm lifestyle, having felt tired of the bustle and hustle of urban life.

"I feel very comfortable at home parties, for every one else around are my good friends, and I can eat and drink to my heart's content," said Susan.

"Maybe we will host a brain dumping first to collect good ideas to host innovative home parties," said Joey (not his real name), who works for an advertising agency. Joey believes "home parties" will help him extend his interpersonal relations, while he can relax thoroughly.

Many young people will host such parties by turns with friends in the forthcoming 7-day holiday.

(chinanews.cn)

"五一"黄金周就要到了，北京很多办公室职员决定这七天哪也不去，与其出去玩累得够呛，还不如在家开Party。

自由撰稿人Susan（化名）打算和朋友一起去看电影、唱歌，甚至准备在家办个照片展。她说："这几天哪里人都多。我打算请朋友来家里吃饭，我最近经常吃快餐。"

过去在家请客是万不得已，而现在的白领们则很喜欢这样的聚会方式，因为他们已经厌倦了忙碌喧嚣的城市生活，崇尚简单、安静的生活方式。

Susan说："这种聚会让我感到很自在，因为身边的人都是我的好朋友，我可以尽情地吃喝。"

某广告公司职员Joey（化名）说："我们可能会先来个'头脑风暴'，收集点好点子，开几个有创意的家庭聚会。"Joey认为"家庭聚会"能帮他拓展人际关系，同时还可以彻底放松。

很多年轻人将在即将到来的七天假期和朋友一起轮流做东开Party。

调查：白领更易患抑郁症

调查：白领更易患抑郁症
White collars 'suffer worst depression'
[ 2007-04-26 09:06 ]


Money really can't buy happiness, according to a new survey showing lawyers and other well-paid white-collar workers are more likely to suffer depression.

A national survey of more than 7500 professionals has found that almost one in 10 reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms.

The legal profession had the worst result, with almost 16 per cent reporting symptoms of clinical depression. Next were accountants and insurance underwriters, both on 10 per cent.

People in IT services, architecture and engineering also had depression rates above the average.

The survey conducted by Beyondblue, an organization devoted to fighting depression, also showed that those under 30 had the highest rates of depression and were the most likely to "self-medicate" with drugs and alcohol.

Beyondblue deputy chief executive and psychologist, Dr Nicole Highet, said the survey-the largest of its kind- was first to reveal the extent of the problem.

"We often associate depression with the most socially disadvantaged (and) people under financial pressure, but here's a whole different group," Dr Highet said.

She said while it was difficult to know exactly what made some groups more prone to depression, it was likely to be driven by work pressures.

"It seems, with law in particular, there's a problem with employee expectations and their working reality," Dr Highet said.

"People base their whole identities on being successful in their role and when it doesn't live up to expectations, and they fail to keep a work-life balance, that impacts on their mental health."

Among female lawyers, the average age of first pregnancy was 39, "reflecting the all-or-nothing pressure that the sector places on individuals", she said.

Law Institute of Victoria chief executive Michael Brett Young said the survey supported anecdotal evidence that depression was a growing problem.

"Our message is no one should feel ashamed about being stressed," Mr Young said.

"Ask for help from your colleagues rather than suffer in silence."

(AAP)

看来金钱确实买不到快乐。一项最新调查表明，律师和其他一些高薪白领患抑郁症的几率较大。

一项对7500多名职员开展的全国性调查发现，近十分之一的受访者称自己有中度至重度的抑郁症症状。

法律行业的情况更糟糕，近16%的人称自己有临床抑郁症的症状。会计和保险承保人的这一比例位居其后，均为10%。

IT服务、建筑和工程行业的人患抑郁症的比例也高于平均水平。

此外，这项由抗抑郁症组织Beyondblue开展的调查表明，30岁以下的人患抑郁症的比例最高，而且这一人群用药物和酒精饮料进行“自行治疗"的几率最大。

Beyondblue副首席执行官、心理学家妮可·海耶特博士说，该调查是此领域目前规模最大的一次，首次暴露了这个问题的严重程度。

海耶特博士说：“我们常把抑郁症与最弱势的社会群体以及有经济压力的人联系在一起，但事实上是另一个完全不同的人群存在这个问题。”

她说，至于为什么有些人群更容易患抑郁症还难以解释，但这可能是由于工作压力造成的。

海耶特说：“员工的期望值与他们实际工作状况的差别可能是个主要问题，尤其对于法律行业的人来说。”

“人们将事业成功作为自己的首要目标，当实际情况达不到期望值时，他们就无法维持工作与生活的平衡了，这便会对他们的心理健康产生影响。”

她说，女律师首次怀孕的平均年龄为39岁，“这反映了这个行业对从业者的压力是一种极端的状况，要么压力很大，要么没有压力。”

维克多利亚律师事务所的首席执行官迈克尔·布雷特·杨说，这项调查证明抑郁症是个越来越严重的问题。

杨说：“我们的观点是，患抑郁症的人不应该觉得这是一种羞耻。”

“向你的同事求助，不要自己默默的承受。”

调查：“王”为中国第一大姓

调查：“王”为中国第一大姓
Wang tops list of surnames
[ 2007-04-25 16:53 ]

全文见： http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/language_tips/2007-04/25/content_860022.htm

If you've ever worried about running into someone with the same name as you, then spare a thought for the Wangs, Lis and Zhangs of this world, whose names have just been declared the three most popular in the country.

The results of a nationwide survey, released yesterday by the Ministry of Public Security, show that there are some 92.8 million Wangs in China, about 7.25 percent of the population, making it the nation's most popular.

Li came in second with 92.07 million (7.19 percent) and Zhang third with 87.5 million (6.83 percent).

Aside from the top three, the survey found that a further seven names are each used by more than 20 million people: Liu, Chen, Yang, Huang, Zhao, Wu and Zhou.

Twelve more have between 10 million and 20 million owners: Xu, Sun, Ma, Zhu, Hu, Guo, He, Gao, Lin, Luo, Zheng, Liang.

The most common 100 names account for 84.77 percent of the population, which is about 1.3 billion.

The ranking was conducted according to the national household registration system, which includes ethnic minorities, but excludes Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.

Du Ruofu, a retired researcher from the Chinese Academy of Sciences said: "As the first national survey of surnames, the results are precious."

Du published a book on Chinese surnames, the genetic differences between people from North and South China and Chinese linguistics in 1992.

"The new survey is more accurate because of its larger scale," Du said, comparing it to his own research conducted in 1987, which was based on a sample of about 500,000 people.

In Du's research, Li, Wang and Zhang again held the top three spots, accounting for 7.9 percent, 7.4 percent and 7.1 percent of the population, respectively.

(China Daily)

如果你曾为会与别人重名而担忧过，那你可以想想那些姓王、姓李、姓张的人，他们的姓是全中国最普遍的三大姓氏。

公安部昨天公布的一项全国性的调查结果显示，王姓是我国第一大姓，约有9280万人，占全国总人口的7.25%。

李是第二大姓，共有9207万人（7.19%）；张为第三大姓，有8750万人（6.83%）。

除这三大姓外，姓氏人口数超过2000万的姓依次为：刘、陈、杨、黄、赵、吴和周。

姓氏人口数在1000万至2000万之间的共有12个，包括：徐、孙、马、朱、胡、郭、何、高、林、罗、郑和梁。

百家姓的人口总数占总人口的84.77%，约为13亿。

这一排行根据包括少数民族在内的全国人口户籍登记制度编纂而成，但不包括港、澳、台地区。

中科院退休研究员杜若甫说：“此项有关姓氏的首次全国性调查的结果很有价值。”

杜研究员曾于1992年出版了一本有关中国姓氏的书，重点探讨了北方人和南方人的基因差别与汉语言学之间的关系。

杜若甫曾于1987年开展过一项针对50万人的抽样调查，他说：“这项最新调查范围更广、更加准确。”

根据杜若甫1987年的调查，李、王、张依次为全国的一、二、三大姓，分别占人口总数的7.9%、7.4%和7.1%。

= = = = =

百家姓：赵钱孙李. 周吴郑王. 冯陈褚卫. 蒋沈韩杨. 朱秦尤许. 何吕施张......

十大最令人满意的职业

美公布十大满意度最高的职业
Survey reveals most satisfying jobs
[ 2007-04-20 09:20 ]

[Photo] Are you satisfied with the current job?

Firefighters, the clergy and others with professional jobs that involve helping or serving people are more satisfied with their work and overall are happier than those in other professions, according to results from a national survey.

"The most satisfying jobs are mostly professions, especially those involving caring for, teaching and protecting others and creative pursuits," said Tom Smith, director of the General Social Survey (GSS) at the National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago.

In the current study, interviewers asked more than 27,000 people questions about job satisfaction and general happiness. Individuals' level of contentment affects their overall sense of happiness, Smith said.

"Work occupies a large part of each worker's day; is one's main source of social standing and helps to define who a person is and affects one's health both physically and mentally," Smith states in a published report on the study. "Because of work's central role in many people's lives, satisfaction with one's job is an important component in overall well-being."

Across all occupations, on average 47 percent of those surveyed said they were satisfied with their jobs and 33 percent reported being very happy.

Here are the Top 10 most gratifying jobs and the percentage of subjects who said they were very satisfied with the job:

Clergy-87 percent
Firefighters-80 percent
Physical therapists-78 percent
Authors-74 percent
Special education teachers-70 percent
Teachers-69 percent
Education administrators-68 percent
Painters and sculptors-67 percent
Psychologists-67 percent
Security and financial services salespersons-65 percent
Operating engineers-64 percent
Office supervisors-61 percent

A few common jobs in which about 50 percent of participants reported high satisfaction included: police and detectives, registered nurses, accountants, and editors and reporters.

"The least satisfying dozen jobs are mostly low-skill, manual and service occupations, especially involving customer service and food/beverage preparation and serving," Smith said.

(Reuters)

据美国一项全国性调查的结果显示，消防员、牧师等从事帮助或服务于他人的行业的人员工作满意度较高，而且总体上他们比其它行业的人更加快乐。

芝加哥大学全国民意调查中心普通社会调查的负责人汤姆·史密斯说：“满意度最高的工作大多是一些需要特殊技能的职业，尤其是护理类、教育类、为他人提供保护以及一些创造性的职业。”

在目前的这项调查中，调查人员对2万7千人就工作满意度和总体快乐感进行了访问。据史密斯介绍，受访者的工作满意度对他们的总体快乐感有影响。

史密斯在发表的研究报告中说：“工作占据了一个人一天中的大部分，它是一个人社会地位的主要决定因素，而且能‘定义’一个人，在生理和心理上都会对人造成影响。由于工作在很多人的生活中处于核心地位，因此对于工作的满意是生活幸福的一个重要因素。”

在所有职业中，平均47%的受访者表示对自己的工作满意，33%的人称他们非常快乐。

以下是十大最令人满意的工作及对此工作感到满意的人数百分比：

神职人员--87%
消防员--80%
身体治疗师--78%
作家--74%
特殊教育类的教师--70%
教师--69%
教育行政人员--68%
画家和雕塑家--67%
心理学家--67%
安全人员及金融服务销售人员--65%
操作工程师--64%
办公室管理人员--61%

在普通职业中，有50%的受访者对警察和侦探、注册护士、会计、编辑和记者等职业的满意度很高。

史密斯说：“满意度最低的工作大多是一些技能要求低、手工和服务类的职业，尤其是顾客服务和餐饮准备及服务的职业。”

美国女性：想和茱丽一样美

摘自 China Daily《双语新闻》[ 2007-04-17 17:57 ]

美国女性：想和茱丽一样美
Jolie's beauty a gold standard in world of plastic surgery

小问题不少，但有一处完全搞错的地方，看看大家能不能找出来。

Angelina Jolie is the gold standard of beauty among women seeking cosmetic surgery and that's not about to change, a leading Hollywood surgeon has told Australian specialists.

好莱坞一位著名外科医生日前告诉澳大利亚的整形专家，安吉丽娜·茱丽是那些想做整容手术的女性心目中的美人标准，而且这一标准不会改变。

The US movie star has the most requested look - exaggerated, almost cartoonish lips, eyes and cheek bones - desired by American women wanting a nip and tuck, Professor Ava Shamban says.

艾娃·沙姆班教授说，这位美国影星拥有美国爱美的女性最想要的面孔--夸张得近乎有些卡通的嘴唇、眼睛和颧骨。

The Los Angeles-based cosmetic dermatologist told a gathering of 400 fellow Australian specialists that demand for this brand of exotic look is here to stay.

这位洛杉机的整容皮肤科医生对400名澳大利亚的同行们说，人们对这种带有点异国情调的长相的青睐会持续一段时间。

"Angelina Jolie, with her exquisite looks, is the current gold standard of beauty in the states and in the West in general right now," said Prof Shamban, who has appeared on the chat show Oprah and the reality TV series Extreme Makeover.

沙姆班教授在参加“奥普拉脱口秀”和“整容真人秀”节目时说，“安吉丽娜·茱丽精致的面孔是目前美国和西方普遍认同的美丽标准。”

"And that's not about to change. The exotic look, like (actresses) Halle Berry and Penelope Cruz, is here to stay, and Angelina is the ultimate embodiment of that."

“而且这个标准不会改变。像哈里·贝瑞和佩内洛普·克鲁兹她们那种带有异国风情的长相一直是美的典范，而安吉丽娜则是这种特点的‘终极体现’。”

解密：美国、日本男孩出生率为何下降？

解密：美国、日本男孩出生率为何下降？
Male births declining in the US and Japan
[ 2007-04-18 09:10 ]

Mother Nature has always ensured that male births outnumber female ones, but the gap has been gradually narrowing over the past three decades in the U.S. and Japan, according to a new study.

Researchers suspect the decline in male births can be explained, at least in part, by paternal exposure to environmental toxins, such as certain pesticides, heavy metals, solvents or dioxins -- chemical byproducts produced during incineration or the manufacture of other chemicals.

Traditionally, it's been expected that for every 100 girls born, there will be about 105 boys. But since 1970, the U.S. and Japan have experienced a downward shift in this male-to-female birth ratio, researchers report in the online edition of the journal Environmental Health Perspectives.

In the U.S., the proportion of boys dropped from 105.5 per 100 girls in 1970 to 104.6 in 2001; in Japan, the male-to-female ratio dropped from 106.3 boys for every 100 girls to just fewer than 105 per 100.

The changes may seem small, but the study authors suspect they are one manifestation of the effects of environmental pollutants on the male reproductive system.

The decline in male births has occurred "at the same time that we've been seeing other signs that male reproductive health is in danger," said lead study author Dr. Devra Lee Davis, a professor of epidemiology at the University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health.

These other signs, she said, include lower testosterone levels and sperm counts, as well as increases in testicular cancer, a disease that most often affects young men.

Environmental toxins may be a common denominator here, according to Davis and her colleagues. Such exposures may specifically lower rates of male, rather than female, births for a few reasons. They may, for example, affect the viability of sperm that bear the Y chromosome, which determines male sex -- or the viability of male fetuses.

Davis's team found that while fetal deaths have declined overall in recent decades, the proportion of male deaths is growing. In Japan, in particular, male fetuses accounted for about two thirds of all fetal deaths in the 1990s.

Over the years, there have been a number of reports showing that heavy exposure to certain pollutants may affect a man's likelihood of fathering a son.

从人类的自然发展史来看，男孩的出生数量总是多于女孩，但据一项最新调查显示，美国和日本的男女出生数量差距在过去三十年中逐渐缩小。

研究人员怀疑，男孩出生数量的下降一部分是由于父亲与杀虫剂、重金属、溶剂或二恶英等环境中的有毒物质的接触造成的，这些有毒物质是在燃烧或制造其它化学物质过程中所产生的化学副产品。

一般来说，女孩和男孩的出生比约为100比105。但据研究人员在环境健康观察期刊在线版上发表的报告显示，从1970年开始，美国和日本的男女出生比率开始下降。

美国的男女出生比率从1970年的105.5:100下降到了2001年的104.6:100；而日本的这一比率则从1970年的106.3:100跌至不足105:100。

可能这些变化看起来微不足道，但研究人员提出，这是环境污染对男性生殖系统所造成的危害的一种表现。

匹斯堡大学公共卫生研究生院的流行病学教授、研究报告的主要撰写者德芙拉·李·戴维斯博士说，除男孩出生数量下降外，“我们还发现了男性生殖健康受到危害的其它信号。”

据德芙拉博士介绍，这些信号包括睾丸激素水平和精子数量的下降，以及年轻男性易患的睾丸癌发病率的增长。

据戴维斯博士和她的同事们介绍，环境中的有毒物质可能是造成男孩出生数量下降的共同原因。由于一些原因，接触这些物质可能会导致男孩--而不是女孩，出生数量的下降。比如，这些物质会影响含有决定男性性别的Y染色体的精子的生存能力或男性胎儿的发育。

戴维斯领导的研究小组发现，虽然胎儿死亡率在近几十年来总体上有所下降，但男性胎儿的死亡比例却在上升。这种状况在日本尤为突出，上世纪90年代，日本男性胎儿的死亡率占所有胎儿死亡的三分之二。

近些年来，有很多研究报告表明，过多接触某些污染物质会影响男性生儿子的几率。

英国：大龄女性剧增

英国：大龄女性剧增
One us three women is still single at the age of 35
[ 2007-04-11 09:05 ]

http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/language_tips/2007-04/11/content_847820.htm

One in three women in UK is unmarried at 35, official figures show. In 2000, only a quarter were not married. And in 1990, just one in ten was in this position.

Marriage began to experience a decline in the 1980s, but in the last decade its popularity has fallen more sharply.

The downward trend corresponds with an increase in women following careers, the rising cost of buying a home and the growing acceptance of couples simply living together.

Analysts believe the introduction of tax credits to the benefit system since 1999 has dissuaded many from marrying, as they favour single mothers.

Figures show a couple with children must earn ￡50,000 a year between them before they are better off than if they lived apart.

The figures, from the Office of National Statistics, showed that fewer than two-thirds of women who reached 35 in 2005 had married - 665 from every 1,000.

Among those born five years earlier, nearly three-quarters had been married by 35.

About nine out of ten women who were 35 in 1990 had been married at least once.

However, the trend away from marriage seems at odds with the wishes of both men and women.

Previously polls have found that about seven out of ten still aspire to marriage.

Robert Whelan of the Civitas civic value think-tank said: "This is an incredible collapse, not just because of the extent but because of the speed.

"If it goes on we will soon see a majority of women unmarried in their mid-thirties.

"What we are seeing is a huge and growing gap between what people want in their lives and what they are getting."

(Daily Mail)

据官方数据显示，英国35岁的女性中，有三分之一的人单身。2000年这一数据仅为四分之一，1990年只有十分之一。

英国的结婚人数从上世纪80年代开始减少，在过去十年中减少的更快。

这一趋势主要是由追求事业的女性增多、房价上涨以及同居日益被接受造成的。

分析人士认为，从1999年开始实行的税款抵免福利制度使很多人不愿结婚，这一政策对单身妈妈最为有利。

有关数据显示，一对有孩子的夫妇一年必须挣到5万英镑，才能使生活比一个人时过得好。

英国国家统计署的统计数据显示，2005年满35岁的女性中，已婚比例不到三分之二（1000人中有665人）。

而在40岁的女性中，近四分之三的人在35岁前已结婚。

1990年，90%的35岁女性至少已经结了一次婚。

然而，这一趋势与男性和女性的愿望似乎并不相符。

此前的调查发现，约70%的人仍然渴望结婚。

民众价值智囊团Civitas的罗伯特·威兰说：“无论是从范围还是从速度上，这种下降让人难以置信。”

“如果这一趋势继续下去，不久之后我们就会看到大多数女性到了30多岁还没结婚。”

“目前的状况是，人们对于生活的期望与他们所得到的结果之间存在着巨大的、而且仍在加大的差距。”